Rendering学習日記

• python cgkit(python cgkit install)
• 2018.10.11 Thursday

Fedora28でcgkit2.0.0+python2.7でビルドできました。boost-develをインストール。他checkenv.py で確認する。 py_slot.h,43行目snameに空白スペースを入れる"_" sname " py_geoms1.cpp,145行166行boost::python::make_tupleにしてbuildできました。ありがとうございます。


[@localhost ~]$ pip install cgkit==2.0.0
Collecting cgkit==2.0.0
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement cgkit==2.0.0 (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for cgkit==2.0.0

Python Computer Graphics Kit v2.0.0
https://sourceforge.net/projects/cgkit/files/cgkit/cgkit-2.0.0/cgkit-2.0.0-py2k.tar.gz/download

[@localhost ~]$ sudo pip install pygame
Collecting pygame
Installing collected packages: pygame
Successfully installed pygame-1.9.4

[@localhost ~]$ sudo pip install ode
Collecting ode
Successfully installed ode-0.2.0

[mac@localhost ~]$ sudo pip install pyserial
Collecting pyserial
Installing collected packages: pyserial
Successfully installed pyserial-3.4

http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
[@localhost Imaging-1.1.7]$ sudo python setup.py install
Writing /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/PIL/PIL-1.1.7-py2.7.egg-info
creating /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/PIL.pth

[@localhost utilities]$ python checkenv.py
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Python 2.7.15 (default, Sep 21 2018, 23:26:48)
[GCC 8.1.1 20180712 (Red Hat 8.1.1-5)]
Platform: linux2
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Python version: 2.7........... OK
PyProtocols................... is installed
PyOpenGL...................... is installed
PIL........................... is installed
pygame........................ pygame 1.9.4
Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
is installed
PyODE......................... is installed
PySerial...................... is installed
cgkit (base).................. missing
cgkit (C++ lib)............... failed

The cgkit supportlib could not be imported. One possible reason for that
is that shared libraries (such as the boost_python runtime or OpenGL)
could not be found.

cgkit (all)................... failed

$ cd supportlib
$ # ...create & modify cpp_config.cpp if necessary...
$ scons
$ cd .. # if you were still in the supportlib directory
$ sudo python setup.py install

以下、error:
In file included from wrappers/py_arrayslots1.cpp:5:0:
wrappers/py_arrayslots1.cpp: In function ‘void class_ArraySlots()’:
wrappers/py_slot.h:43:75: error: unable to find string literal operator ‘operator""sname’ with ‘const char [11]’, ‘long unsigned int’ arguments
e ARRAYSLOT(sname,stype) class_<_ArraySlotIterator >("_"sname"_Iterator", init&>()) \
^
wrappers/py_slot.h:43:75: note: in definition of macro ‘ARRAYSLOT’
e ARRAYSLOT(sname,stype) class_<_ArraySlotIterator >("_"sname"_Iterator", init&>()) \
^~~~~~~~~~~
wrappers/py_slot.h:43:75: error: unable to find string literal operator ‘operator""sname’ with ‘const char [11]’, ‘long unsigned int’ arguments
e ARRAYSLOT(sname,stype) class_<_ArraySlotIterator >("_"sname"_Iterator", init&>()) \
^
wrappers/py_slot.h:43:75: note: in definition of macro ‘ARRAYSLOT’
e ARRAYSLOT(sname,stype) class_<_ArraySlotIterator >("_"sname"_Iterator", init&>()) \
^~~~~~~~~~~
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

[solved]
py_slot.h,43行目snameの両側に空白スペースを入れる "_" sname "
[solved]
py_geoms1.cpp,line:145行 and line:166行 boost::python::make_tuple にしてbuildできました。
Thank you(^.^)

$viewer.py demo3.py

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• Lightflow
• 2018.10.22 Monday

C++でのやり方。参考になりました。
ありがとうございます。
http://www.knoerig.de/lightflow_en.html
Rudi's Homepage - Lightflow

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• Lightflow
• 2018.10.22 Monday

2018/10/22
sample ball2
main2.cpp
#includeの両側に半角スペースが入っています。

#include < Lightflow/LfLocalSceneProxy.h >



int main()

{

    LfLocalSceneProxy* s = new LfLocalSceneProxy();

    LfArgList list;



    list.Reset();

    list << "position" << LfPoint( 5.0, -5.0, 4.0 );

    list << "color" << LfColor( 300.0, 300.0, 300.0 );

    s->LightOn( s->NewLight( "point", list ) );



    list.Reset();

    list << "basis" << "sin";

    list << "scale" << 0.6;

    list << "depth" << 0.2;

    list << "turbulence.omega" << 0.5 << 0.7;

    list << "turbulence.octaves" << LfInt( 6 );

    LfInt bump = s->NewPattern( "multifractal", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "ka" << LfColor( 0, 0, 0.05 );

    list << "kc" << LfColor( 1, 1, 1 );

    list << "kd" << 0.5;

    list << "km" << 0.1;

    list << "displacement" << bump;

    LfInt plastic = s->NewMaterial( "standard", list );





    s->MaterialBegin( plastic );



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 1.0;

    LfInt sphere = s->NewObject( "sphere", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "surfaces" << sphere;

    list << "tolerance" << 0.02 << 0.1 << 0.05;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "surface-engine", list ) );



    s->MaterialEnd();





    list.Reset();

    list << "file" << "ball2.tga";

    LfInt saver = s->NewImager( "tga-saver", list );



    s->ImagerBegin( saver );



    list.Reset();

    list << "eye" << LfPoint( 0, -4, 0 );

    list << "aim" << LfPoint( 0, 0, 0 );

    LfInt camera = s->NewCamera( "pinhole", list );



    s->ImagerEnd();



    s->Render( camera, 300, 300 );



    delete s;

}

$ /usr/local/gcc-2.95/bin/g++ -I ./include -lLightflow main2.cpp -o simplescene2
$ ./simplescene2
$ convert ball2.tga ball2.jpg
$ eog ball2.jpg

main22.cpp
#includeの不等号両側に半角スペースが入っています。

#include < Lightflow/LfLocalSceneProxy.h >

int main()

{

    LfLocalSceneProxy* s = new LfLocalSceneProxy();

    LfArgList list;



    list.Reset();

    list << "position" << LfPoint( 5.0, -5.0, 4.0 );

    list << "color" << LfColor( 300.0, 300.0, 300.0 );

    s->LightOn( s->NewLight( "point", list ) );



    list.Reset();

    list << "basis" << "sin";

    list << "scale" << 0.6;

    list << "depth" << 0.2;

    list << "turbulence.omega" << 0.5 << 0.7;

    list << "turbulence.octaves" << LfInt( 6 );

    LfInt bump = s->NewPattern( "multifractal", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "kr" << LfVector3(0.3,0.3,0.5);

    list << "kd" << 0.3;

    list << "km" << 0.3;

    list << "shinyness" << 0.8;

    list << "fresnel" << LfInt(1) << LfFloat(0.5) << LfFloat(0.5);

    list << "caustics" << LfInt(1) << LfInt(1);

    list << "displacement" << bump;

    LfInt bumpmetal = s->NewMaterial( "physical", list );



    s->MaterialBegin( bumpmetal );



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 1.0;

    LfInt sphere = s->NewObject( "sphere", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "surfaces" << sphere;

    list << "tolerance" << 0.02 << 0.1 << 0.05;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "surface-engine", list ) );



    s->MaterialEnd();



    list.Reset();

    list << "file" << "ball2.tga";

    LfInt saver = s->NewImager( "tga-saver", list );



    s->ImagerBegin( saver );



    list.Reset();

    list << "eye" << LfPoint( 0, -4, 0 );

    list << "aim" << LfPoint( 0, 0, 0 );

    LfInt camera = s->NewCamera( "pinhole", list );



    s->ImagerEnd();



    s->Render( camera, 300, 300 );

    delete s;

}

$ /usr/local/gcc-2.95/bin/g++ -I ./include -lLightflow main22.cpp -o simplescene22
$ ./simplescene22
$ convert ball2.tga ball2.jpg
$ eog ball2.jpg

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• Lightflow
• 2018.10.22 Monday

main3.cpp
#includeの両側に半角スペースが入っています。

#include < Lightflow/LfLocalSceneProxy.h >



int main()

{

    LfLocalSceneProxy* s = new LfLocalSceneProxy();

    LfArgList list;



    list.Reset();

    list << "position" << LfPoint( 5.0, -5.0, 4.0 );

    list << "color" << LfColor( 300.0, 300.0, 300.0 );

    s->LightOn( s->NewLight( "point", list ) );





    list.Reset();

    list << "kr" << LfColor( 1.0, 0.9, 0.8 );

    list << "kaf" << 0.3;

    list << "density" << 0.3;

    list << "sampling" << 40.0;

    list << "shadow-caching" << LfPoint( -1.2, -1.2, -1.2 ) << LfPoint( 

1.2, 1.2, 1.2 );

    LfInt gas = s->NewInterior( "dust", list );



    s->InteriorBegin( gas );



    list.Reset();

    LfInt cloud = s->NewMaterial( "transparent", list );



    s->InteriorEnd();





    s->MaterialBegin( cloud );



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 1.2;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "sphere", list ) );



    s->MaterialEnd();





    list.Reset();

    list << "ka" << LfColor( 0, 0, 0.5 );

    list << "kc" << LfColor( 1, 0.5, 0.5 );

    list << "kd" << 0.5;

    list << "km" << 0.1;

    LfInt plastic = s->NewMaterial( "standard", list );



    s->MaterialBegin( plastic );



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 0.5;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "sphere", list ) );



    s->MaterialEnd();





    list.Reset();

    list << "file" << "ball3.tga";

    LfInt saver = s->NewImager( "tga-saver", list );



    s->ImagerBegin( saver );



    list.Reset();

    list << "eye" << LfPoint( 0, -4, 0 );

    list << "aim" << LfPoint( 0, 0, 0 );

    LfInt camera = s->NewCamera( "pinhole", list );



    s->ImagerEnd();



    s->Render( camera, 300, 300 );



    delete s;

}

$ /usr/local/gcc-2.95/bin/g++ -I ./include -lLightflow main3.cpp -o simplescene3
$ ./simplescene3
$ convert ball3.tga ball3.jpg
$ eog ball3.jpg

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• Lightflow
• 2018.10.22 Monday

main4.cpp
#includeの両側に半角スペースが入っています。

#include < Lightflow/LfLocalSceneProxy.h >



int main()

{

    LfLocalSceneProxy* s = new LfLocalSceneProxy();

    LfArgList list;

    LfTransform trs;



    list.Reset();

    list << "position" << LfPoint( 4.0, -6.0, -5.0 );

    list << "color" << LfColor( 200.0, 200.0, 200.0 );

    s->LightOn( s->NewLight( "point", list ) );



    list.Reset();

    list << "position" << LfPoint( -7.5, -6.0, 2.0 );

    list << "color" << LfColor( 300.0, 150.0, 150.0 );

    LfInt light1 = s->NewLight( "point", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "position" << LfPoint( -2.0, 0.0, 8.0 );

    list << "color" << LfColor( 150.0, 300.0, 150.0 );

    LfInt light2 = s->NewLight( "point", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "position" << LfPoint( 8.0, -6.0, 5.0 );

    list << "color" << LfColor( 150.0, 150.0, 300.0 );

    LfInt light3 = s->NewLight( "point", list );





    s->LightBegin();

    s->LightOn( light1 );



    list.Reset();

    list << "ka" << LfColor( 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 );

    list << "kc" << LfColor( 1, 1, 1 );

    list << "kd" << 0.5;

    list << "km" << 0.1;

    LfInt plastic1 = s->NewMaterial( "standard", list );



    s->LightEnd();



    s->LightBegin();

    s->LightOn( light2 );



    list.Reset();

    list << "ka" << LfColor( 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 );

    list << "kc" << LfColor( 1, 1, 1 );

    list << "kd" << 0.5;

    list << "km" << 0.1;

    LfInt plastic2 = s->NewMaterial( "standard", list );



    s->LightEnd();



    s->LightBegin();

    s->LightOn( light3 );



    list.Reset();

    list << "ka" << LfColor( 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 );

    list << "kc" << LfColor( 1, 1, 1 );

    list << "kd" << 0.5;

    list << "km" << 0.1;

    LfInt plastic3 = s->NewMaterial( "standard", list );



    s->LightEnd();





    s->TransformBegin( trs.Translation( LfVector3( -2.0, 0, 0 ) ) );



    s->MaterialBegin( plastic1 );



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 1.0;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "sphere", list ) );



    s->MaterialEnd();



    s->TransformEnd();





    s->MaterialBegin( plastic2 );



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 1.0;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "sphere", list ) );



    s->MaterialEnd();





    s->TransformBegin( trs.Translation( LfVector3( 2.0, 0, 0 ) ) );



    s->MaterialBegin( plastic3 );



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 1.0;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "sphere", list ) );



    s->MaterialEnd();



    s->TransformEnd();





    list.Reset();

    list << "file" << "lights.tga";

    LfInt saver = s->NewImager( "tga-saver", list );



    s->ImagerBegin( saver );



    list.Reset();

    list << "eye" << LfPoint( 0, -4, 0 );

    list << "aim" << LfPoint( 0, 0, 0 );

    list << "fov" << atan( 0.5 / 0.75 )*2.0;

    LfInt camera = s->NewCamera( "pinhole", list );



    s->ImagerEnd();



    s->Render( camera, 300, 300 );



    delete s;

}

$ /usr/local/gcc-2.95/bin/g++ -I ./include -lLightflow main4.cpp -o simplescene4
$ ./simplescene4
$ convert lights.tga lights.jpg
$ eog lights.jpg

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• Lightflow
• 2018.10.22 Monday

main5.cpp
#includeの両側に半角スペースが入っています。

#include < Lightflow/LfLocalSceneProxy.h >



void main()

{

    LfLocalSceneProxy* s = new LfLocalSceneProxy();

    LfArgList list;



    list.Reset();

    list << "direction" << LfVector3( 8.0, 5.0, -6.0 );

    list << "color" << LfColor( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 );

    s->LightOn( s->NewLight( "directional", list ) );





    list.Reset();

    list << "value"

         << 0.3 << 1.0 << 1.0

         << 0.5 << 0.0 << 0.0;

    list << "scale" << 1.0;

    list << "turbulence.omega" << 0.55;

    list << "turbulence.lambda" << 1.8;

    list << "turbulence.octaves" << LfInt( 6 );

    LfInt cloudpattern1 = s->NewPattern( "granite", list );



    // Make a granite-like volumetric pattern.

    // Note the keyword "value", followed by two rows of three parameters

    // each. 

    // This is an example of value-gradient. A gradient is a function which 

    // interpolates many values, which may be numbers, colors, or entire

    // patterns and materials.

    // By convention numeric gradients are called value-gradients, color ones

    // are named color-gradients and so on.

    // As a function a gradient associates a value to a real variable.

    // You can imagine it in cartesian coordinates, putting the variable on 

    // the abscissas and the associated value on the ordinates.

    // Here the first expected argument is the abscissa at which the value

    // of the function is specified, then the value follows. The value is

    // specified both at the right and at the left of the abscissa in order

    // to model discontinuities, so it is composed by two numbers.

    // You can specify how many abscissas (and values) you want.

    // This gradient is used to model the output of our fractal pattern,

    // that we will use to describe the spatial density of the cloud.

    // Here the gradient smoothly blends from the value of 1 at the point 0.3, 

    // to the value of 0 at the point 0.5.

    // Normally the output would be a value between 0 and 1, but we

    // make it droppoff rapidly from 1 to 0 to model masses of clouds that

    // are denser at their center and that disappear at their boundaries.



    list.Reset();

    list << "value"

         << 0.8 << 1.0 << 1.0

         << 1.0 << 0.0 << 0.0;

    list << "scale" << 1.2;

    LfInt cloudpattern2 = s->NewPattern( "radial", list );



    // Make a radial pattern, that is to say a spherical figure that is

    // dense at its center and that has zero density at its border.

    // This sphere has a radius of 1.2.



    list.Reset();

    list << "patterns" << cloudpattern1 << cloudpattern2;

    LfInt cloudpattern = s->NewPattern( "compose", list );



    // Compose the two patterns. Here the output of cloudpattern1 is used

    // as the input of cloudpattern2. Since the radial pattern uses its

    // input to scale its output, the result will be a sphere containing a

    // granitic texture which diminishes its intensity near the border.



    list.Reset();

    list << "kr" << LfColor( 0.7, 0.85, 1.0 );

    list << "kaf" << LfColor( 0.2, 0.35, 0.5 );

    list << "density" << 1.0;

    list << "density" << cloudpattern;

    list << "sampling" << 20.0;

    list << "shadow-caching" << LfPoint( -1.2, -1.2, -1.2 ) << LfPoint( 1.2, 1.2, 1.2 );

    list << "density-caching" << LfInt( 2048 ) << LfPoint( -1.2, -1.2, -1.2 ) << LfPoint( 1.2, 1.2, 1.2 );

    LfInt cloudinterior = s->NewInterior( "cloud", list );



    // Here you should note how we described density.

    // It has been specified with a single value of 1 and then with the

    // pattern we modeled before. The value of 1 will be used as a input to 

    // cloudpattern1, which will scale its output by this factor. In

    // this case there will be no scaling, and the output will go from 1 to 

    // 0, as we stated above.

    // The "shadow-caching" and "density-caching" attributes specify the use of 

    // two different caching mechanisms that will be used to speed-up

    // computations. They both require a bounding box where to work, and

    // the density cache also requires the maximum allowed memory

    // occupancy, which is expressed in Kb (here 2048, i.e. 2 Mb).

    // The "sampling" value specifies how many samples will be taken into a

    // segment long one.



    s->InteriorBegin( cloudinterior );



    list.Reset();

    LfInt cloud = s->NewMaterial( "transparent", list );



    s->InteriorEnd();





    s->MaterialBegin( cloud );



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 1.2;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "sphere", list ) );



    s->MaterialEnd();





    list.Reset();

    list << "file" << "cloud.tga";

    LfInt saver = s->NewImager( "tga-saver", list );



    s->ImagerBegin( saver );



    list.Reset();

    list << "eye" << LfPoint( 0, -4, 0 );

    list << "aim" << LfPoint( 0, 0, 0 );

    LfInt camera = s->NewCamera( "pinhole", list );



    s->ImagerEnd();



    s->Render( camera, 300, 300 );



    delete s;

}

$ /usr/local/gcc-2.95/bin/g++ -I ./include -lLightflow main5.cpp -o simplescene5
$ ./simplescene5
$ convert cloud.tga cloud.jpg
$ eog cloud.jpg

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• Lightflow
• 2018.10.22 Monday

main6.cpp
#includeの両側に半角スペースが入っています。

#include < Lightflow/LfLocalSceneProxy.h >

int main()

{

    LfLocalSceneProxy* s = new LfLocalSceneProxy();

    LfArgList list;

    LfTransform trs;



    // Specify some rendering settings. These values are used by

    // all the built-in types, so they are grouped under a unique

    // interface, named "default".

    list.Reset();

    list << "trace-depth" << LfInt( 5 );

    list << "lighting-depth" << LfInt( 3 );

    s->NewInterface( "default", list );



    // Make a bright, bright light to model the sun.

    list.Reset();

    list << "position" << LfPoint( 0, 900, 100 );

    list << "color" << LfColor( 60000.0, 60000.0, 60000.0 );

    s->LightOn( s->NewLight( "point", list ) );





    // Model the water waves with a fractal pattern.

    s->TransformBegin( trs.Scaling( LfVector3( 10, 5, 5 ) ) );



    list.Reset();

    list << "basis" << "sin";

    list << "scale" << 2.0;

    list << "depth" << 0.1;

    list << "turbulence.distortion" << 1.0;

    list << "turbulence.omega" << 0.1 << 0.3;

    list << "turbulence.lambda" << 2.0;

    list << "turbulence.octaves" << LfInt( 5 );

    LfInt waterbumps = s->NewPattern( "multifractal", list );



    // the "basis" value describes the fractal basis, that here is set to

    // "sin", as waves have a sinusoidal origin. 

    // "scale" represents the width of the waves. This factor is then

    // multiplied by the scaling transform we put before. 

    // "depth" represents the depth of the waves, when used to displace a

    // surface. 

    // the "turbulence." keywords are turbulence parameters, that are

    // explained in the "multifractal" documentation. 



    s->TransformEnd();



    // Model water with a material.

    list.Reset();

    list << "fresnel" << LfInt( 1 ) << LfFloat(0.3) << LfFloat(0.0);

    list << "IOR" << 1.33;

    list << "kr" << LfColor( 1, 1, 1 );

    list << "kt" << LfColor( 1, 1, 1 );

    list << "kd" << 0.0;

    list << "km" << 0.03;

    list << "shinyness" << 0.5;

    list << "displacement" << waterbumps;

    LfInt water = s->NewMaterial( "physical", list );



    // the choosed type is "physical", because this provides physical

    // parameters, very good to model liquids, glasses and metals. 

    // note the use of the waterbumps pattern as a displacement.





    // Model the ocean fundals in a similar way.

    list.Reset();

    list << "basis" << "sin";

    list << "scale" << 10.0;

    list << "depth" << 0.5;

    list << "turbulence.distortion" << 1.0;

    list << "turbulence.omega" << 0.1 << 0.3;

    list << "turbulence.lambda" << 2.0;

    list << "turbulence.octaves" << LfInt( 5 );

    LfInt earthbumps = s->NewPattern( "multifractal", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "kr" << LfColor( 0.8, 0.75, 0.7 );

    list << "displacement" << earthbumps;

    LfInt earth = s->NewMaterial( "diffuse", list );





    // Here starts the sky.

    // It contains a lot of volumetric clouds, especially at the horizon,

    // so it is a bit complex. 



    // Volumetric clouds are modeled with an interior and a pattern that modulates its density.

    s->TransformBegin( trs.Scaling( LfVector3( 100, 100, 100 ) ) );

    s->TransformBegin( trs.Translation( LfVector3( 0, 0, -0.5 ) ) );



    list.Reset();

    list << "value"

         << 0.0 << 1.0 << 1.0

         << 0.3 << 0.0 << 0.0;

    list << "scale" << 1.0;

    list << "turbulence.distortion" << 1.0;

    list << "turbulence.omega" << 0.5 << 0.8;

    list << "turbulence.lambda" << 2.0;

    list << "turbulence.octaves" << LfInt( 3 );

    LfInt cloudpattern = s->NewPattern( "multifractal", list );



    // Make the output distribution go from 1 to 0.1 to model clouds.



    s->TransformEnd();

    s->TransformEnd();



    list.Reset();

    list << "kr" << LfColor( 2.0, 0.8, 0.4 );

    list << "kaf" << LfColor( 0.6, 0.8, 0.4 ) * 0.035;

    list << "density" << 1.0;

    list << "density" << cloudpattern;

    list << "sampling" << 0.07;

    list << "shadow-caching" << LfPoint( -1000, -1000, -1 ) << LfPoint(1000, 1000, 100 );

    list << "density-caching" << LfInt( 2048 ) << LfPoint( -1000, -1000, -1 ) << LfPoint( 1000, 1000, 100 );

    list << "density-caching" << LfInt( 2048 ) << LfPoint( -1.2, -1.2, -1.2 ) << LfPoint( 1.2, 1.2, 1.2 );

    LfInt cloudinterior = s->NewInterior( "cloud", list );



    // Note that our scene will have a radius of 1000 unities, and our

    // camera would be at its center, so with a sampling factor of 0.07 we

    // allow 70 samples per ray: an enormous quantity! This will make our

    // scene render slowly, but the caches will give a help. Obviously if

    // you remove these volumetric clouds the rendering will be much faster.

    // Here we don't care about speed however, since we want only to

    // produce a single, astonishing image...





    // Now model the fundal, a blue sky made of flat clouds that will be

    // wrapped on a sphere.



    list.Reset();

    list << "color"

         << 0.2 << LfColor( 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 ) << LfColor( 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 )

         << 1.0 << LfColor( 0.2, 0.4, 0.9 ) << LfColor( 0.2, 0.4, 0.9 );

    LfInt skypattern1 = s->NewPattern( "linear-v", list );



    s->TransformBegin( trs.Scaling( LfVector3(80, 80, 10) ) );



    list.Reset();

    list << "color"

         << 0.2 << LfColor( 0.2, 0.4, 0.9 ) << LfColor( 0.2, 0.4, 0.9 )

         << 1.0 << LfColor( 0.2, 0.3, 0.7 ) << LfColor( 0.2, 0.3, 0.7 );

    list << "scale" << 1.1;

    list << "turbulence.distortion" << 1.0;

    list << "turbulence.omega" << 0.5 << 0.8;

    LfInt skypattern2 = s->NewPattern( "multifractal", list );



    s->TransformEnd();



    list.Reset();

    list << "pattern" << skypattern1;

    list << "gradient"

         << 0.3 << skypattern1 << skypattern1

         << 1.0 << skypattern2 << skypattern2;

    LfInt skypattern = s->NewPattern( "blend", list );



    // Note that we actually created two patterns, and we merged them

    // together with a "blend".

    // The first pattern is a linear gradient that will span the V

    // direction of the parametric surface we will attach it to.

    // In this case we will use it on a sphere, where the V direction is

    // the one which connects the north and south poles (that is to say a

    // line of constant U and varying V is a meridian).

    // This gradient associates a color to each parallel of the sphere,

    // going from bright blue near the horizon to dark blue near the

    // azimuth.

    // The second pattern is again a "multifractal", which we use to model

    // very distant clouds. Note that we stretch it with a scaling, so that 

    // the clouds will look wide and thin.

    // The "blend" pattern finally blends the two. It uses the pattern

    // specified with "pattern" to mix more patterns. In particular it

    // defines a pattern-gradient that smoothly interpolates between

    // different patterns. In this case we use the linear pattern both to

    // model the distribution of the gradient and to model the gradient

    // itself.

    // The numeric value of the linear pattern has not been specified

    // (with a value-gradient), and so it goes from 0 to 1, as default.

    // Thus the "blend" will make a transition that goes from a clear

    // and bright sky near the horizon (at the V value of 0.3) to a cloudy

    // sky near the azimuth (at the V value of 1.0).



    // Create the sky material.

    s->InteriorBegin( cloudinterior );



    list.Reset();

    list << "kc" << LfColor(1.0,  1.0,  1.0);

    list << "kc" << skypattern;

    list << "shadowing" << LfFloat(0.0);

    LfInt sky = s->NewMaterial( "matte", list );



    s->InteriorEnd();



    // "matte" is a material made to create matte objects, that are not

    // shaded by light, but that emit a uniform color. In this case this

    // color is first set to white (1, 1, 1) and then scaled by the skypattern.

    // The result will be the skypattern itself.





    // Create a water disc.

    s->MaterialBegin( water );



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 1000.0;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "disc", list ));



    s->MaterialEnd();





    // Create an under-water disc made of earth.

    s->TransformBegin( trs.Translation( LfVector3( 0, 0, -10 ) ) );



    s->MaterialBegin( earth );



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 1000.0;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "disc", list ));



    s->MaterialEnd();



    s->TransformEnd();





    // Create the sky sphere.

    s->TransformBegin( trs.Scaling( LfVector3( 1, 1, 0.1 ) ) );



    s->MaterialBegin( sky );



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 1000.0;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "sphere", list ));



    s->MaterialEnd();



    s->TransformEnd();





    list.Reset();

    list << "file" << "ocean.tga";

    LfInt saver = s->NewImager( "tga-saver", list );



    s->ImagerBegin( saver );



    list.Reset();

    list << "eye" << LfPoint( 0, -8, 4 );

    list << "aim" << LfPoint( 0, 0, 4 );

    list << "aa-samples" << LfInt( 2 ) << LfInt( 5 );

    LfInt camera = s->NewCamera( "pinhole", list );



    s->ImagerEnd();



    s->Render( camera, 400, 300 );



    delete s;

}

$ /usr/local/gcc-2.95/bin/g++ -I ./include -lLightflow main6.cpp -o simplescene6
$ ./simplescene6
$ convert ocean.tga ocean.jpg
$ eog ocean.jpg

• -
• -

• Lightflow
• 2018.10.22 Monday

main8.cpp
#includeの両側に半角スペースが入っています。

#include < Lightflow/LfLocalSceneProxy.h >



int main()

{

    LfLocalSceneProxy* s = new LfLocalSceneProxy();

    LfArgList list;

    LfTransform trs;



    list.Reset();

    list << "trace-depth" << LfInt( 6 );

    list << "radiosity-samples" << LfInt( 400 );

    list << "radiosity-threshold" << 0.1;

    list << "radiosity-reuse-distance" << 0.25, 0.4, 0.01;

    list << "photon-count" << LfInt( 300000 );

    list << "photon-clustering-count" << LfInt( 2000 ) << LfInt( 100 );

    s->NewInterface( "default", list );



    // the "trace-depth" attribute controls the maximal number of ray-traced 

    // light bounces.

    // the "radiosity-depth" attribute controls the maximal number of

    // radiosity iterations, that is to say the number of bounces of the indirect

    // illumination.

    // the "radiosity-samples" attribute sets the amount of rays that are

    // used to sample the light space at every surface location. Normally

    // values between 200 and 500 produce good results. Note that this parameter

    // is very influent on the rendering time, since light sampling is one

    // of the most time consuming tasks.

    // "radiosity-threshold" sets the maximal error bound in the radiosity

    // estimation. A value of 0.1 means that the error is allowed to be 10% 

    // of the real value.

    // "radiosity-reuse-distance" sets the screen, maximum and minimum distance

    // from different sampling locations. This parameter is the only one that

    // must be set accordingly to the scene size. The smaller these values are, 

    // the better the result will be, but usually a good value for the

    // screen distance is from 0.2 to 0.5, while a good value for the

    // maximum distance is everything greater than one fifth of the length

    // of the visible surfaces.

    // In this case we are modeling a room with sides 2 unities long, hence

    // a value of 0.4 will prove to be good enough. The minimum distance

    // should be an order of magnitude less.

    // should be an order of magnitude less.

    // The "photon-count" parameter controls the amount of photons that are 

    // spread into the scene to compute the global illumination. Obviously

    // more photons means better approximations and longer times.





    list.Reset();

    list << "position" << LfPoint( 0, 0, 0.98 );

    list << "direction" << LfVector3( 0, 0, -1 );

    list << "angle" << 0.0 << PI / 2.0;

    list << "radius" << 0.05;

    list << "samples" << LfInt( 7 );

    list << "color" << LfColor( 8, 8, 8 );

    s->LightOn( s->NewLight( "soft-conic", list ) );



    // We simulate an area light with a conic light that produces soft

    // shadows. The spreading angle of the light is set to 90 degrees

    // (PI / 2 in radians) to obtain the same light distribution of a patch 

    // light source. We could also put a real "patch" light, with a well

    // defined surface, but the computation times would have been longer.

    // Check the class documentation to see how area lights work, and how

    // fake soft shadows may be obtained with the "soft" and "soft-conic" types.





    list.Reset();

    list << "kc" << LfColor( 3, 3, 3 );

    list << "shadowing" << 0.0;

    LfInt neon = s->NewMaterial( "matte", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "kdr" << LfColor( 0.9, 0.9, 0.9 );

    list << "ksr" << LfColor( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5 );

    list << "km" << 0.07;

    list << "shinyness" << 1.0;

    list << "radiosity" << LfInt( 1 );

    list << "caustics" << LfInt( 0 ) << LfInt( 0 );

    LfInt whitewash = s->NewMaterial( "generic", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "kdr" << LfColor( 0.8, 0.1, 0.1 );

    list << "ksr" << LfColor( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5 );

    list << "km" << 0.07;

    list << "shinyness" << 1.0;

    list << "radiosity" << LfInt( 1 );

    list << "caustics" << LfInt( 0 ) << LfInt( 0 );

    LfInt redwash = s->NewMaterial( "generic", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "kdr" << LfColor( 0.2, 0.3, 0.8 );

    list << "ksr" << LfColor( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5 );

    list << "km" << 0.07;

    list << "shinyness" << 1.0;

    list << "radiosity" << LfInt( 1 );

    list << "caustics" << LfInt( 0 ) << LfInt( 0 );

    LfInt bluewash = s->NewMaterial( "generic", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "kdr" << LfColor( 0.9, 0.9, 0.9 );

    list << "ksr" << LfColor( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5 );

    list << "km" << 0.07;

    list << "shinyness" << 1.0;

    list << "radiosity" << LfInt( 1 );

    list << "caustics" << LfInt( 0 ) << LfInt( 0 );

    list << "visibility" << LfInt( 1 );

    LfInt trnswash = s->NewMaterial( "generic", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "fresnel" << LfInt( 1 );

    list << "IOR" << 9.0;

    list << "kr" << LfColor( 1, 1, 1 );

    list << "kt" << LfColor( 1, 1, 1 );

    list << "kd" << 0.0;

    list << "km" << 0.02;

    list << "shinyness" << 1.0;

    list << "radiosity" << LfInt( 0 );

    list << "caustics" << LfInt( 2 ) << LfInt( 2 );

    LfInt metal = s->NewMaterial( "physical", list );



    list.Reset();

    list << "fresnel" << LfInt( 1 );

    list << "IOR" << 1.57;

    list << "kdr" << LfColor( 0, 0, 0 );

    list << "kdt" << LfColor( 0, 0, 0 );

    list << "ksr" << LfColor( 1, 1, 1 ) << LfColor( 0.5, 0.8, 1 );

    list << "kst" << LfColor( 1, 1, 1 ) << LfColor( 1, 0.6, 0.2 );

    list << "kr" << LfColor( 1, 1, 1 );

    list << "kt" << LfColor( 1, 1, 1 );

    list << "km" << 0.02;

    list << "shinyness" << 1.0;

    list << "radiosity" << LfInt( 0 );

    list << "caustics" << LfInt( 2 ) << LfInt( 2 );

    LfInt glass = s->NewMaterial( "generic", list );





    s->MaterialBegin( whitewash );



    list.Reset();

    list << "points"

         << LfVector3( -0.25, -0.25, 0.995 ) << LfVector3( 0.25, -0.25, 0.995 )

         << LfVector3( -0.25,  0.25, 0.995 ) << LfVector3( 0.25,  0.25, 0.995 );

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "patch", list ));



    list.Reset();

    list << "points"

         << LfVector3( -0.25,  0.25, 0.99 ) << LfVector3( 0.25, 0.25, 0.99 )

         << LfVector3( -0.25,  0.25, 1.00 ) << LfVector3( 0.25, 0.25, 1.00 );

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "patch", list ));



    list.Reset();

    list << "points"

         << LfVector3( -0.25, -0.25, 0.99 ) << LfVector3( -0.25, -0.25, 1.00 )

         << LfVector3(  0.25, -0.25, 0.99 ) << LfVector3(  0.25, -0.25, 1.00 );

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "patch", list ));



    list.Reset();

    list << "points"

         << LfVector3(  0.25, -0.25, 0.99 ) << LfVector3(  0.25, -0.25, 1.00 )

         << LfVector3(  0.25,  0.25, 0.99 ) << LfVector3(  0.25,  0.25, 1.00 );

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "patch", list ));



    list.Reset();

    list << "points"

         << LfVector3( -0.25, -0.25, 0.99 ) << LfVector3( -0.25, 0.25, 

0.99 )

         << LfVector3( -0.25, -0.25, 1.00 ) << LfVector3( -0.25, 0.25, 1.00 );

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "patch", list ));



    s->MaterialEnd();



    s->MaterialBegin( neon );



    list.Reset();

    list << "points"

         << LfVector3( -0.25, -0.25, 0.99 ) << LfVector3( 0.25, -0.25, 0.99 )

         << LfVector3( -0.25,  0.25, 0.99 ) << LfVector3( 0.25,  0.25, 0.99 );

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "patch", list ));



    s->MaterialEnd();



    s->MaterialBegin( trnswash );



    list.Reset();

    list << "points"

         << LfVector3( -1, -1, -1 ) << LfVector3( 1, -1, -1 )

         << LfVector3( -1, -1,  1 ) << LfVector3( 1, -1,  1 );

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "patch", list ));



    s->MaterialEnd();



    s->MaterialBegin( whitewash );



    list.Reset();

    list << "points"

         << LfVector3( -1, -1, -1 ) << LfVector3( -1, 1, -1 )

         << LfVector3(  1, -1, -1 ) << LfVector3(  1, 1, -1 );

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "patch", list ));



    list.Reset();

    list << "points"

         << LfVector3( -1, -1, 1 ) << LfVector3( 1, -1, 1 )

         << LfVector3( -1,  1, 1 ) << LfVector3( 1,  1, 1 );

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "patch", list ));



    list.Reset();

    list << "points"

         << LfVector3( -1, 1, -1 ) << LfVector3( -1, 1, 1 )

         << LfVector3(  1, 1, -1 ) << LfVector3(  1, 1, 1 );

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "patch", list ));



    s->MaterialEnd();



    s->MaterialBegin( redwash );



    list.Reset();

    list << "points"

         << LfVector3( -1, -1, -1 ) << LfVector3( -1, -1, 1 )

         << LfVector3( -1,  1, -1 ) << LfVector3( -1,  1, 1 );

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "patch", list ));



    s->MaterialEnd();



    s->MaterialBegin( bluewash );



    list.Reset();

    list << "points"

         << LfVector3( 1, -1, -1 ) << LfVector3( 1, 1, -1 )

         << LfVector3( 1, -1,  1 ) << LfVector3( 1, 1,  1 );

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "patch", list ));



    s->MaterialEnd();





    s->MaterialBegin( glass );



    s->TransformBegin( trs.Translation( LfVector3( -0.45, 0, -0.1 ) ) );



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 0.35;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "sphere", list ) );



    s->TransformEnd();



    s->MaterialEnd();





    s->MaterialBegin( metal );



    s->TransformBegin( trs.Translation( LfVector3( 0.45, 0.4, -0.65 ) ) 

);



    list.Reset();

    list << "radius" << 0.35;

    s->AddObject( s->NewObject( "sphere", list ) );



    s->TransformEnd();



    s->MaterialEnd();





    list.Reset();

    list << "file" << "cornell.tga";

    LfInt saver = s->NewImager( "tga-saver", list );



    s->ImagerBegin( saver );



    list.Reset();

    list << "eye" << LfPoint( 0, -2.99, 0 );

    list << "aim" << LfPoint( 0, 0, 0 );

    LfInt camera = s->NewCamera( "pinhole", list );



    s->ImagerEnd();



    s->Render( camera, 300, 300 );



    delete s;

}

$ /usr/local/gcc-2.95/bin/g++ -I ./include -lLightflow main8.cpp -o simplescene8
$ ./simplescene8
$ convert cornell.tga cornell.jpg
$ eog cornell.jpg

• -
• -

• Linux
• 2018.10.23 Tuesday

2018/10/23
■Linux設定メモ

ホームディレクトリのフォルダ名を日本語から英語に変更する
$ LANG=C xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update

nautilus-open-terminal
フォルダ内右クリックで［端末の中に開く］

cannot restore segment prot after reloc permission denied
SELinuxのライブラリに対するセキュリティ属性が適切に設定されていない……lightflowPM.soなどのセキュリティ属性を変更する。
rootユーザで
chcon -c -v -R -u system_u -r object_r -t textrel_shlib_t xxx.so


バッテリー確認
$ upower -d

実行形式
$ chmod -R 755 simplescene*

フォルダ削除 一つ上の場所で
# sudo rm -rf gcc-2.95/

Virtualbox dvd-r読み書き用に元ユーザを参加させる
$ sudo gpasswd -a mac vboxusers

フォルダのコピー
$ cp -r gcc-2.95 ~/Documents/
$ sudo cp -r gcc-2.95 /usr/local

Linuxバージョン確認
$ cat /proc/version

/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6

削除
sudo rpm -e VirtualBox-5.2-5.2.18_124319_fedora26-1.x86_64
インストール
sudo rpm -ivh VirtualBox-5.2-5.2.20_125813_fedora26-1.x86_64.rpm


DVD書込み
growisofs -Z /dev/cdrom -R -J /home/mac/Downloads/isodata/

ありがとうございます。
最初の書込み(R/RW共通)，上書きの場合(RWのみ)
growisofs -Z /dev/dvd -R -J ファイル and/or ディレクトリ(群)

追加書込みの場合(R/RW共通)
growisofs -M /dev/dvd -R -J ファイル and/or ディレクトリ(群)

gcc
http://ftp.tsukuba.wide.ad.jp/software/gcc/

glibc確認、下記のコマンドを実行する。
ls -l /lib/libc-*

dnf -v grouplist

http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/Linux/

Macでisoイメージの作成。
ディスクユーティリティーのコマンドは以下の通り。 isoにしたいディレクトリをDIRの部分に指定する。
hdiutil makehybrid -iso -joliet -o sample.iso DIR

Fedora8 virtualbox guestaddインストール後、起動しない。
unable to load Selinux カーネルパニック 起動しない。
シングルモード起動時 selinux=0 singleで起動。
/etc/selinux/configを編集。
SELINUX=disabledに変更
再起動、guest addition toolが動きました。ありがとうございます。

ロック画面のまま、ログインウィンドウが表示されない場合は、
Ctrl + Alt + F1 でコマンドラインを表示

■共有フォルダ設定、VirtualboxのゲストOS上で
# gpasswd --add {ユーザ名} vboxsf
ユーザをvboxsfグループに追加します。

■VirtualBox共有フォルダ
ubuntu系
sudo nano /etc/modules
cat /etc/modules
# /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time.
#
# This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded
# at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored.
vboxsf
--------------

ゲストOSに$mkdir <マウントポイント名＞
フォルダを作る。

＄sudo mount.vboxsf <設定したホストOSでの共有ファイル名> /home/<ログインに使う名前>/<マウントポイント名>

■その他
tkinter確認
$ python -m Tkinter

iv install
$ sudo apt install openimageio-tools

■論理cpu数　確認
$ grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l

##ISO ファイル(CDイメージ)を作成する方法##
ファイルやフォルダからisoファイルを作成する場合
# mkisofs -r -J -V <ラベル> -o <ディレクトリ名>
(例)# mkisofs -r -J -V "Mydata" -o imagecd.iso /home/hoge/

• -
• -